Extrusion characteristics of nickel-based alloy

The production of pipes is often extruded. From the international point of view, there has been a deep research on the extrusion of soft metals such as Mg, Al, Cu, etc. In about 1797, the British Braman designed. The world’s first mechanical extruder for lead extrusion has been patented. From the late 1950s to the early 1980s, advanced countries such as Europe, America, and Japan increased the demand for aluminum alloy extruded profiles for construction, transportation, electricity, and electrical appliances, and promoted the rapid development of aluminum alloy pipe extrusion processes. In 2005, the world’s extruded aluminum production was about 11 million tons (approximately considered as consumption), with about 2012 extrusion plants with a production capacity of around 18.5 million tons. In 1930, hot extrusion of steel occurred in Europe. However, due to the use of grease and stone lubricants at the time, its lubricating performance was poor, and there were fatal weaknesses such as many defects in extrusion products and short tool life. The extrusion of steel has really been greatly developed and applied to industrial production, after the glass lubricant was invented in 1942.
1.1 Extrusion Technology
Extrusion is a plastic working method in which an external force is applied to a metal blank placed in a container (squeezing cylinder) to flow out of a specific die hole to obtain a desired sectional shape and size. Compared with other metal plastic processing methods (such as rolling, forging), the extrusion method appears later. In about 1797, the British Braman (3, designed the world’s first mechanical extruder for lead extrusion, and obtained a patent.
In 1820, British Thomas B.Thomas first designed and manufactured a hydraulic lead pipe extruder, which has the basic components of a modern pipe extruder: a squeeze cylinder, a replaceable extrusion die, and The extrusion shaft of the gasket and the follower extrusion needle threaded onto the extrusion shaft. Since then, pipe extrusion has developed rapidly. The famous Tresca yield criterion was established by the Frenchman Tresca in 1864 through the extrusion test of lead pipes. In 1870, the British Haines invented the lead pipe reverse extrusion method, that is, the end of the extrusion cylinder was closed, and the extrusion die was fixed on the hollow extrusion shaft to achieve extrusion. In 1897, Borel of France and Wesslau of Germany successively developed the production process of lead-wrapped cables, which became the historical beginning of the world in the preparation of composite materials by extrusion. In about 1893, the British J. Robertson invented the hydrostatic extrusion method, but at the time did not find any industrial value of this method, until the 1950s (1955) began to be put into practical use. In 1894, the British G.A.Dick designed the first extruder capable of extruding brass and other copper alloys with high melting point and hardness. The operating principle is basically the same as that of modern extruders. In 1903 and 1906, American G.W. Lee applied for and published the cold extrusion patent for aluminum and astragalus. In 1910, an aluminum extrusion machine appeared. In 1923, Duraaluminum first reported the method of forming a composite material by using a composite blank. In 1927, a movable extrusion cylinder was introduced and electric induction heating technology was adopted. In 1930, hot extrusion of steel occurred in Europe. However, due to the use of lubricants such as grease and graphite, the lubricating properties were poor, and there were some fatal weaknesses such as defects in extrusion products and short tool life. The extrusion of steel has really been greatly developed and applied to industrial production, after the invention of the glass lubricant in 1942. In 1941, American H.H.Stout reported the experimental results of direct extrusion of copper powder. In 1965, the Germans published the results of isothermal extrusion experiments. The British J.M. Sabroff et al. applied for and published a semi-continuous hydrostatic extrusion patent. After the British D. Green applied for the continuous extrusion patent in 1971, the continuous production of extrusion production was greatly valued, and industrial application was realized in the early 1980s.
It can be seen from the above that the preliminary development process of the extrusion technology is from soft metal to hard metal, from manual to mechanized, semi-continuous, and further developed to a continuous process. From the late 1950s to the early 1980s, the demand for aluminum alloy extruded profiles for construction, transportation, electricity, and electrical appliances in the advanced countries of Europe, America, and Japan increased sharply. The industrial technology developed in the past 20 years The cross-sectional shape of the pressed product is complicated, the size is widened (developed in both the miniaturization and the large-scale direction), the requirements for high precision, uniformity of performance, etc., and the pursuit of high-efficiency production and high surplus value products by manufacturers. Promote the rapid development of extrusion technology, as follows:
Development and advancement of forward extrusion technology for small-section ultra-precision profiles and extrusion of large or super-large profiles (such as large-scale integral siding), isothermal extrusion, water-sealing extrusion, cooling die extrusion, and high-speed extrusion.

The application range of reverse extrusion and hydrostatic extrusion technology is expanded.
To. The practical application of the continuous extrusion technology represented by the scholars.
Various special extrusion techniques, such as powder extrusion, are widely used in layered composite extrusion technology represented by aluminum clad steel wire and low temperature superconducting materials.
Development and research of new methods such as semi-solid metal extrusion and multi-blank extrusion.

From the application range, from the hot extrusion of large-sized metal ingots to the cold extrusion of small precision parts, it is difficult to directly extrude powders and pellets into intermetallic compounds and superconducting materials. Extruded processing of processed materials, modern extrusion technology has been widely developed and applied.
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